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Small-scale structures such as vortices and boundary layers play a crucial role in the dynamics of incompressible flows, especially at high Reynolds numbers. These structures are closely interrelated, as vortices are usually generated near boundaries, for example in the recirculation zone after boundary layer separation. The interaction between vortices and solid boundaries is also crucial for real-world applications, such as understanding ship drag or the rebound of trailing vortices near the ground. The goal of this workshop is to review some of the recent mathematical advances in the analysis of vortices and boundary layers, with an emphasis on stability analysis and the onset of hydrodynamic instabilities